About Course

Environment and sustainable development covers the main issue of environmental studies and some overview about environmental science and its scope. The other thematic addressed by the course is the main category of environmental resources, their statuses, and consumption. Environmental proclamations, regulation, environmental impact assessment principles, and their steps are also addressed by this course. Additionally, environmental ethics, different societal outlooks, and views about the environment are highlighted with some guiding principles of environmental education and awareness. it covers the relation between society and environment, which includes meanings and contexts of society, the society and environment link, the population and environment link, different theories associated with the environment and population link, poverty, and the poverty and environment links. Further different perspectives and thinking about sustainable development, principles of sustainable development, and evaluation of project proposals to determine whether they meet the requirements of sustainability or not. Finally the issue of climate change, its effects, and how adaptation and mitigation of these unnecessary effects possible can be discussed

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Course Content

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 What is the environment? 1.3 Multidisciplinary nature of Environmental studies 1.3.1 What is environmental science 1.4 Scope of environmental studies: 1.5.1. What is New in Environmental Science? 1.6. Major Components of Environment 1.6.1. The Atmosphere 1.6.2. The lithosphere 1.6.3 THE HYDROSPHERE 1.6.4. The Biosphere 1.7. Types of interactions in the environment 1.7.2 Man and Ecosystem Interaction

CHAPTER TWO: Environmental Resource and Its Consumption

2.2. Non-renewable resources
2.2.2 Non-renewable resources These are the resources that, once gone, have very little chance of recovery in nature. These are for those classified as 1. Non-renewable resources that can be recycled. All non-energy mineral resources that occur in the earth’s crust, like ores of copper, aluminum, mercury, and other metals; deposits of fertilizer nutrients such as phosphate rock and potassium; and minerals that are used in their natural state, such as asbestos, clay, and mica, are considered non-renewable resources that can be recycled. As these deposits are finite, they are not replaced, and hence such materials are considered nonrenewable. However, it is possible, at least in theory, for people to collect those materials or elements they used and recycle them. 2. Non-Renewable Resources that cannot be recycled Resources that exist in fixed quantities in Eat This Crust and thus theoretically can be completely used up are called non-renewable/exhaustible resources. On a time scale of millions to billions of years, such resources can be renewed by geological processes. However, on the much shorter human time scale of hundreds to thousands of years. These resources can be depleted much faster than they are formed. Fossil fuels are derived from organic matter that accumulated during hundreds of millions of years of early biogeological history. There is no way to recycle the energy in fossil fuels. Non-renewable resources that cannot be recycled are those ‘minerals’ and energy resources, namely, fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) that presently supply greater than 90% of our energy, and uranium that is used for nuclear (atomic) power. These resources can’t be recycled or reused. Once burned, the useful energy in these fossil fuels is gone, leaving behind waste, heat, and polluting exhaust gases.

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