Course Content
Chapter 1: Introduction to Climate change and the agriculture concept
Objectives: After completing this chapter, you should be able to:  Know the basic concept of climate change and agriculture  Explain the concept of climate change  Identify cause of climate change  Describe the consequence of climate change on agricultural production  Know the methods to control climate change effect on agricultural production  Describe climate change mitigation in agricultural production  Describe climate change adaptation in the agriculture production  Know the relationship between climate change and agriculture production
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Lesson one: Chapter 1
06:21
Lesson Two: Chapter one
05:05
Lesson Three: Chapter one
06:00
Quiz One
00:06:00
Multiple choice question
00:10:00
Chapter 2: Introduction to Climate Smart-Agriculture (CSA)
Objectives: After completing this chapter you should be able to:  Describe concept of Climate-Smart Agriculture  Identify key characteristics of CSA  Describe why is climate-smart agriculture needed?  Explain the Principles of defining CSA and  Explain the pillars of CSA  Explain the CSA approaches
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Lesson one: Chapter 2
Lesson Two: Chapter Two
Chapter 3: Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Practices and Technologies
Objectives: After completing this chapter you should be able to:  Define CSA practices and Technologies  Describe CSA practices as a strategy to reduce climate risk in agriculture  Explain the major components of CSA practices and technologies  Explain the role of agricultural extension to scaling up of CSA practices
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Lesson one: Chapter Three
Lesson Two: Chapter Three
Chapter 4 : Policies, Strategies and Institutions relevant to CSA practice in Ethiopia
Objectives: After completing this chapter you should be able to:  Explain polices and strategies for CSA  Identify the key institutions for CSA initiatives  Describe the effectiveness of CSA Policies, Strategies and Institutions
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Lesson one: Chapter Four
Lesson Two: Chapter Four
Chapter 5: Enabling Environments for CSA Implementation Activities
Objectives: After completing this chapter you should be able to:  Identify Untapped Opportunities for Implementing CSA  Identify the key challenges for Implementing CSA in Ethiopia
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Lesson one: Chapter Five
Lesson Two: Chapter Five
Chapter 6: Gender and Social Inclusion in CSA Practices
Objectives: After completing this chapter you should be able to:  Define gender and social inclusion  Explain the role of gender equality in CSA practices  Discuss about social inclusion in CSA practices
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Lesson one: Chapter Six
Lesson Two: Chapter Six
Introduction to Climate-Smart Agriculture

Concept of Gender and Social Inclusion

Gender: Refers to the social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women and men, and girls and boys.

Gender equality:  Is equal participation of women and men in decision making, equal ability to exercise their human rights, equal access to and control of resources and the benefits of development, and equal opportunities in employment and in all other aspects of their life.

Gender equity:  Is fairness of treatment for women and men, according to their respective needs.

Social inclusion: Is the process of improving the terms on which individuals and groups take part in society improving the ability, opportunity, and dignity of those disadvantaged on the basis of their identity. It also involves gender, socio-economic status, ethnicity, disability, age and affects dynamics around perspectives, needs and access to resources. 

Social exclusion: Describes as individuals are unable to participate fully in economic, social, political, cultural and in all other aspects of their life.

6.2. The Role of Gender Equality in CSA Practices

Climate change affects everyone and its impacts are often not gender neutral. The issue of gender equality and climate change is now well addressed in agendas at the global level, but it still needs to be translated at national and local levels. Men and women experience climate change in different ways because of the differences in their socially accepted roles and responsibilities. Climate change also exaggerate existing gender inequalities in agriculture. Understanding of the ways different types of men and women become vulnerable to climate variability and change is necessary. If the important role women play in agriculture is recognized and they are provided with equal access to resources and services, climate change can also open significant opportunities for women to become agents of change with equal to men.  

The topic of gender equality and climate change is not new. But we are now paying more attention to the fact that women’s contribution cannot be ignored anymore if we want to create a sustainable agricultural development. It is important that women and men benefit equally from new technologies and knowledge to adopt climate-smart agriculture practices. It is also important to recognize that women can contribute to CSA as they hold valuable indigenous knowledge.

Gender as it relates to many sectors like, health, education, agriculture and others, it also related to climate-smart agriculture. CSA strategies are unlikely to be effective, let alone equitable or transformative, without active attention to gender. Women represent 43 percent of the world’s agricultural labor force, and in some regions the percentage is much higher. They hold a vast amount of important knowledge that can inform the re-evaluation of agricultural practices that are called for under the umbrella of CSA. Hence, women are a major part of the labor force that needed to implement CSA practices. In addition, advancing of gender equality and empowering women must be a core principle of CSA. This also involves engaging with both women’s and men’s knowledge and priorities are included in CSA plans.

In the context of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA), men and women are not starting off on a level playing field. While gender shapes both men’s and women’s lives, the tendency is for women to have a more disadvantaged position in comparison to men. But, without considering of gender the implementation of CSA practices is very poor.  Therefore, to empower the participation of women as men a gender-responsive approach across the field of CSA is needed to enhance by giving attention to gender issues in CSA policymaking; building an evidence base on gender in CSA; developing financial instruments that respond to women’s and men’s needs; and introducing institutional change to develop capacity and build commitment on gender equality and women’s empowerment. Taking a gender-responsive approach to Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) means that the particular needs, priorities, and realities of men and women are recognized and adequately addressed in the design and application of CSA. So, that both men and women can equally implement and benefited. There were the criteria’s which used to know whether a gender-responsive approach is used in CSA practices or not. These are expressed as follows:

  • Criteria’s for evaluating a gender-responsive approach is used in CSA practices

Criteria

Explanations of criteria

1. The development and application of the practice have been informed by gender analysis

Gender analysis: At the outset of the work to develop or introduce a practice, an analysis of who has what and why, who does what and why, who makes decisions and why, and who needs what and why is carried out to develop an understanding of the site-specific gender, cultural and socio economic context.

2. All work related to the practice has involved the
participation and engagement of men and women, in particular those who implement the practice

Participation and engagement: Female and male farmers are involved in developing, adapting, testing and adjusting practices to meet their needs, preferences, and opportunities. Communities and experts work together to understand local problems, climate projections and available assets and services, and to identify and test potential solutions, reducing existing gender inequalities and discrimination.

2.      Efforts are made to
reduce the constraints to uptake of the practice

Constraints to uptake of practices are addressed:  the gender analysis are used to understand where there may be constraints to uptake of the practice, such as unequal roles in decision-making, unequal access to information or credit, and unequal ownership of land. By promoting an equitable access to resources and participation in household decision-making, all potential end-users can benefit from information and capacity development related to the opportunities of CSA-sensitive practices.

4. The practice results
in immediate benefits
for men and women

Immediate benefits: The practice itself is designed to produce benefits for both men and women. These benefits include improvements in agricultural yields; reduction in the time, energy and labor spent by food producers, particularly women, on their agricultural activities; and increases in women’s access to and control of agricultural inputs and income.

5. The practice results
in long-term benefits
for men and women

Long-term benefits: The practice itself contributes to longer-term changes in equality between men and women. It may enhance men’s and women’s resilience and agricultural productivity; increase women’s control of resources; and increase participation of women and youth and other easily marginalized groups in decision-making at household and community levels.

 

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